Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) is best known for her cherished novel, Little Women, which she wrote in two parts. The first volume, alternately titled Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, was published in 1868, and the second volume, Good Wives, was published in 1869. Though Alcott penned her first novel at age seventeen, it went unpublished for nearly 150 years until two researchers at Harvard University stumbled across the handwritten manuscript in 1997. She also published numerous short stories, novelettes, and articles for the Atlantic Monthly.
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 near Portsmouth where his father was a clerk in the Navy pay office. The family moved to London in 1823, but their fortunes were severely impaired. Dickens was sent to work in a blacking-warehouse when his father was imprisoned for debt. Both experiences deeply affected the future novelist. In 1833 he began contributing stories to newspapers and magazines, and in 1836 started the serial publication of Pickwick Papers. He began Oliver Twist in 1837, followed by Nicholas Nickleby (1838) and The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-41). A Christmas Carol appeared in 1843, David Copperfield in 1850. In later works, such as Bleak House (1853) and Little Dorrit (1857), Dickens's social criticism became more radical and his comedy more savage. He published Hard Times in 1854, A Tale of Two Cities in 1859, and Great Expectations in 1860. His last novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, was never completed and he died on June 9, 1870.
L. M. (Lucy Maud) Montgomery (1874-1942) was a Canadian author who published 20 novels and hundreds of short stories, poems, and essays. She is best known for the Anne of Green Gables series. Montgomery was born in Clifton (now New London) on Prince Edward Island on November 30, 1874. Raised by her maternal grandparents, she grew up in relative isolation and loneliness, developing her creativity with imaginary friends and dreaming of becoming a published writer. Her first book, Anne of Green Gables, was published in 1908 and was an immediate success, establishing Montgomery's career as a writer, which she continued for the remainder of her life.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, known by his pen name Mark Twain, is lauded as the "greatest humorist this country has produced.” William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature." The author of at least twenty works, his novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885), the latter often called the first “Great American novel.”